Pediatric research deals with diseases of the newborns, children and adolescents up to the age of 18 years. Pediatricians work in specialized areas of neonatology and primary healthcare for children. As the patients are so young, considerable expertise is required of the professionals working in the field. Pediatrics consists of multiple specialties such as neonatology, pediatric oncology, pediatric infectious diseases, and pediatric primary healthcare. It is relatively a new discipline in medicine and the earliest traces of pediatrics can be found in Shusrutha Samhita, an Ayurvedic text composed in 6th century BC.